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Emilia through the lens of architecture

July 02, 2026

Emilia through the lens of architecture

Across Emilia, the landscape unfolds like a story told in many voices: the quiet cadence of the plains, historic cities shaped by centuries of art, an industrial heritage woven into the region's cultural fabric. Throughout the twentieth century, this landscape inspired countless interpretations, from Luigi Ghirri's photography and Gianni Celati's writing to an architectural movement that, between Postmodernism and a renewed engagement with rationalism, reimagined how memory could inhabit the city. Cemeteries, castles and cultural institutions alike became places where history was not simply preserved, but reinterpreted. Through the work of Aldo Rossi and Gae Aulenti, three remarkable sites reveal an Emilia where architecture extends the past rather than competing with it.

In Modena, the San Cataldo Cemetery proposes a different way of approaching farewell, conceived as the setting for another kind of urban life. Often regarded as Aldo Rossi's masterpiece – and a built companion to his influential The Architecture of the City – the complex is composed of two linear buildings and the iconic red cubic ossuary, its façades punctuated by seven rows of square openings. Rossi transforms the archetype of the house into a city for the dead, placing new dwellings alongside those of the living. The project won a competition in 1971, evolved over the following years, and finally opened thirteen years later, though it was never fully completed. The result is an architecture of echoes, where monuments, memory and collective imagination converge in a space that feels at once rigorously rational and quietly metaphysical.

San Cataldo cemetery in Modena by Aldo Rossi and Gianni Braghieri. Photo Massimo Alberici on wikimedia commons

San Cataldo cemetery in Modena by Aldo Rossi and Gianni Braghieri. Photo Nuno Cera, in Domus 1014, June 2017 – 1014, 6/27

Manifattura delle Arti in Bologna. Photo Veltur on wikimedia commons

Rossi's journey through Emilia continues in Bologna with one of his final works, the Manifattura delle Arti, completed in the early 2000s. For centuries, the district stretching towards Porta Lame and the old harbour was home to paper mills, tobacco factories, salt warehouses and the city's historic bakery. Rossi's masterplan transformed this former industrial quarter into one of Bologna's most dynamic cultural districts. A cylindrical tower marks the entrance to the Cineteca di Bologna, internationally recognised for its work in film preservation and restoration. Rather than erasing the site’s industrial past, the project reconnects it to the contemporary city through public spaces and architecture designed to encourage cultural exchange and everyday life.

In Ferrara, the city’s enduring character revolves around an architectural landmark: the Castello Estense. Built in 1385 as a fortress before becoming the residence of the Este court, the castle has witnessed every chapter of the city’s history, from political intrigue to the flourishing of the Renaissance, when Biagio Rossetti reshaped Ferrara into one of Europe’s first planned cities. Its frescoed rooms, courtyards and ceremonial spaces still evoke that extraordinary cultural moment. In 2006, Gae Aulenti reinterpreted these interiors with a new exhibition design. Through clean lines, understated materials and carefully calibrated lighting, her intervention comments the architecture and its collections without imposing itself, allowing past and present to coexist in quiet balance.

Castello Estense in Ferrara. Photo Nicola Jannucci on wikimedia commons

Curated by Domus - © Editoriale Domus S.p.A.